2.5% Of US Youths Involved In Sexting, 1% In Sexually Explicit Image Distribution

It seems that 2.5% of American children between the ages of 10 to 17 years participating in sexting, and 1% to send sexually explicit images that are likely to be deemed illegal under the laws of child pornography, researchers from the University of New Hampshire reported in the journal Pediatrics. Sexting and images are sent via their mobile phones or the Internet.
Sexting prevalence also depends on the definition of sexting. If one includes images of sexually suggestive, and not only those explicitly sexual, the proportion of children in this age group who are engaged in up to 9.6%.

Massive Scale Up in HIV Treatments Access

"We've seen massive access to HIV treatment who had a huge impact on the lives of people around the world," Michel Sidibe, Executive Director of UNAIDS, told the press as a new report by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) was released in Berlin and Geneva Yesterday, November 21.
Due to significant expansion, even during the financial crisis, about 50% of people who are eligible for antiretroviral therapy now have access to this lifesaving treatments for HIV.
"Even in very difficult financial crisis, the country to produce results in the AIDS response," said Michel Sidibe.
A new report shows that 2011 was a "game changing" year to fight AIDS. As with unprecedented results, there is tremendous progress in science and the political leadership, it says.
UNAIDS World AIDS Day 2011 Report shows HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths fell to their lowest level since the peak of the epidemic:

    * New cases of HIV infection decreased by 21% since 1997.
    * Deaths of AIDS-related diseases has decreased by 21% since 2005.
According to estimates by UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) show that 6.6 million (47%) of the 14.2 million people eligible for treatment in low-and middle-income countries access to antiretroviral therapy in 2010. This represents an increase of 1.35 million in 2009.
The report also said there were signs that HIV treatment begins to reduce the number of new HIV infections is essential and prevent 2.5 million deaths in 1995.
People living with HIV are living longer and AIDS-related deaths fell by rescue effects of therapy. Estimates in the report show that at the end of 2010 there were approximately:

    * 34 million people living with HIV.
    * 2.7 million new HIV infections each year.
    * 1.8 million deaths from AIDS-related illnesses this year.
Prevention of HIV seems to be making significant progress, the fact that new HIV infections were significantly reduced or stabilized in most regions of the world.
For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of new HIV infections fell by more than 26% from the peak of the epidemic in 1997. And in South Africa, a country with the highest level of new HIV infections in the world, the fall from peak to third.
The number of new HIV infections are also reductions in other parts of the world, such as the Caribbean, where the levels of one-third less than in 2001, South and Southeast Asia, where rates have fallen more than 40% since 2006, and in India where they fell by 56%.
But in some parts of the world, the number of new HIV infections is still rising. These include Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Oceania and the Middle East and North Africa. Elsewhere, it has remained stable.
The report says that it is not just access to treatment, which causes the rate of infection of new HIV cases drop, but also a change in sexual behavior, especially among young people, who tend to have fewer sexual partners, condom use, more and wait longer to become sexually active than their parents' generation.

Promise and danger Nanomedicine

There is a new exciting field of nanomedicine and technological revolution, which promises exciting new ways to diagnose and treat diseases? Or does it herald the release of dangerous nanoparticles or nanorobots nanoelectronic devices that will wreak havoc in the body? A new survey of more than 500 studies on the subject concluded that neither scenario is likely. She appears in the journal Molecular ACS 'Pharmacy.
Duncan and Ruth Rogerio Gaspar explained that nanomedicine - the use of nanotechnology to medical care is often overhyped as a panacea or potential ALLS opasnost.Kontseptsiya debuted with far-sighted that the robots

The use of tears diabetes monitor blood sugar levels

Instead of a cumbersome and sometimes painful routine drawing of blood, patients with diabetes may be able to use their tears, researchers from the University of Michigan reported in analytical chemistry. In animal studies, researchers found that the level of glucose from the tears of rabbits can accurately measure blood glucose (sugar) levels, using the electrochemical sensor device.
Leading researchers, Mark Meyerhoff and team explained that approximately 5% of people worldwide have diabetes. With increasing levels of obesity worldwide, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes, is set to increase significantly.
The researchers, whether they intend to develop a new, painless device that can detect the tear glucose, instead of having to draw blood.
Patients with diabetes may have to draw blood from two to ten times daily to check their blood glucose levels. A significant number of patients with diabetes, not to draw blood as often as they should, because of discomfort and pain it causes. This can lead to poor glycemic control. Long-term poor glycemic control increases in the number of risks and complications associated with the state, especially microvascular complications, which may lead to the development of neuropathy and foot ulcers, retinopathy and other diseases and conditions.Investigators say that in accordance with their findings, the tears can provide as accurate reading as the choice of the fingers and blood directly.
The authors wrote:

    ".... It may be possible to measure glucose levels tears several times a day to monitor changes in blood glucose without the pain of repeated potential invasive blood sampling. "
Their sensor is very sensitive and can reach very low detection limits of 1,5 ± 0,4 mmol of glucose (S / N = 3). This is sufficient to measure tear fluid glucose levels in glucose sensitivity of 0,032 ± 0,02 nA / micron. The capillary tube sensor requires only 4-5 ml of tears, when the needle is inserted into the capillary sensor.
As in the journal, the researchers wrote:

    "The strong correlation between tear and blood glucose levels was detected, suggesting that the measurement of tear glucose measurement of potential noninvasive substitute blood glucose, and a new configuration of sensor could help in further research in this direction."

Nasopharyngeal cancer patients survival benefits of combined chemoradiation

Phase III study showed that the combined radiation and chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year overall survival of patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC: cancer passageway between the nose and throat). The results are published on 4 November in the journal of the National Cancer Institute.
NPC is common in Southeast Asia and southern China, where radiotherapy (RT) was the primary method of treatments. Although the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended by the National Cancer Comprehensive Network (NCCN), there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness, and it has not been defined as an endpoint in the initial phase of testing III.
Qui-Yan Chen, MD, Ph.D., Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center at the People's Republic of China, and colleagues conducted a phase III study in order to find out if the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy offers survival benefit of a person with stage II NPC . The researchers randomly assigned the participants into two groups, 114 patients received radiation therapy while 116 patients received combined chemotherapy and radiation.
After a mean follow-up of 60 months, the researchers found that 22.8% of participants in the group of radiation disease progression, compared with 11.2% in the combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy group. In addition, they found that the 5-year overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival and progression-free survival were statistically significantly higher in the combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy group than the radiation group.
Based on the results of this study that the authors believe this is the first phase III trial comparing RT and CCRT, they come to the conclusion that the NCCN guidelines is warranted. They suggest that at an early stage, perhaps, less distant tumors, and therefore simultaneous chemo-radiotherapy may be more effective in destroying micro-distant metastasis. Although participants who received combined chemotherapy and radiation experienced more toxic side effects than people in the group of radiation therapy was well tolerated in general, when the dose was reduced by chemotherapy.
Chen et al explain:

    "Overall, we believe that the best choice for early stage NPC cisplatin on a weekly dose of 30 mg/m2, both for the optimal effect of chemotherapy to eradicate small tumors and distant to ensure that the NPC patients."

Hidden Genetic Influence On Cancer Was Found By Researchers

In findings with major implications for the genetics of cancer and human health, researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and two other science teams in New York City and Rome have uncovered evidence of powerful new genetic networks and showed how they may work to drive cancer and normal development.

Four papers published online in the almanac Cell describe aspects of what may be a fundamentally new dimension of genetic occupation that involves a vast posse of RNA molecules interacting and manipulating the molecular endgame behind the scenes.

Each report used a different approach, strengthening the basic discovery of the new RNA network. In the half-century old inside dogma of molecular biology, DNA issues its genetic blueprint to messenger RNA, which relays the orders to the protein-making machinery of the room. 

The new studies suggest a significant new role for RNA on top of its traditional middle-management job: The RNA of one gene can curb and be controlled by dozens or hundreds of RNAs of other genes. In the envelope of a major tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, a shift in the associated RNA network appears to be as malevolent as a modifying in the gene itself in human prostate and colon cancer cells, in glioblastoma cells, and in a mouse subject of melanoma, according to three of the papers.

The findings may distend the framework for investigating how tumors form and progress, who is at risk for cancer, and how to rouse and disable the essential misbehaving molecules that drive the wart and spread of cancer.

"For instance, we now know that the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is talking to a cyclopean unrecognized RNA network," said Pier Paolo Pandolfi MD PhD, gaffer of the Cancer Genetics Program at BIDMC and George C. Reisman Professor of Remedy at Harvard Medical School, and the senior author of two of the papers. "The RNAs talk including a new language. If this language is broken and the RNA network is perturbed, PTEN goes down, and this has penetrating consequences. But it's incredibly exciting for therapeutic possibilities. You may be able to rewire the crosstalk between the RNAs for cancer arrest and therapy."  

Scientists typically use genetic studies to search how changes in the DNA code influence the action of the proteins. Targeted therapies enjoy arisen from efforts to counteract the effect of problematic proteins, yet most of the genetic determinants of cancer residue a vexing puzzle. The newly discovered RNA network could explain much of the transitory genetic variation underlying cancer and other diseases, say authors of the papers. 

The new RNA regulatory network also appears to go into the massive non-protein-coding region of the human genome and plays an substantial role in normal muscle development, suggests another related MS in Cell. Because humans share so many protein-coding genes with other organisms, including worms and yeast, this chiefly portion that is transcribed into non-coding RNA makes the human genome idiosyncratic. Much of the function of that non-coding RNA has been a mystery.

Another million young adults have health insurance the U.S.

According to the CDC, one million more adults in America now from health insurance thanks to the Affordable Be responsible for Act. During the first three months of this year, the reckon of young adults aged between 19 and 25 with form insurance rose by 3.5 percentage points, tantamount to about one million more people, evidence from NHIS (National Health Assessment Survey) revealed.
Most brood can now stay on their parents' health bond plans until they are 26 years of age, thanks to the Affordable Suffering Act. The HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) wrote on its web place today that no other age group had a close with in coverage - the department added that the Affordable Woe Act made the difference.
HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, said: "As a mom, I recognize how scary it is to think about what could find to your kids if they go without salubrity care coverage, which is what makes today's report so important. Thanks to the Affordable Tend Act hundreds of thousands more childish people have the health watch over coverage they need."
According to a late-model Gallup survey, the rates of insured adults old between 18 and 25 increased from 71% to 75.1% during the man Friday quarter of this year.
Sherry Glied, Ph.D., HHS assistant secretary for planning and evaluation, said: "Blanket, these three national surveys picture a consistent pattern of expanded health coverage entirety young adults due to the Medical Care Act. The law helped tons young adults get the health insurance they paucity, and it is continuing to expand insurance coverage to uninsured Americans all across the mother country."

In an issue brief today, the HHS wrote: "While it is theoretically feasible that the increase in insurance coverage for young adults in 2011 is due to some cause other than the Affordable Care Act, it is hard to label a plausible alternative explanation for the increase in coverage develop into young adults. One possibility is that the recession did not counterfeit young adults as much as other age groups, but in experience, the opposite occurred.
Unemployment among 20-24 year-olds increased by 7.3 proportion points (from 8.2% to 15.5%) from 2006 to 2010, compared to a 4.8 interest-point increase among 25-54 year-olds (from 3.8% to 8.6%). Dedicated the toll the recession has taken on employment among uninitiated adults, we would expect that insurance rates would, if anything, sire decreased in this group compared to older adults. This feeling bolsters the conclusion that the increase in coverage quantity young adults is a result of the Affordable Care Act."

Early Release of Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, January-March 2011

• 46.5 million people of all ages were uninsured, 15.3% of the population - at time of interview
• 60.5 million people of all ages had been uninsured for some time during the 12 months preceding the interview, 19.8% of the population
• 34.2 million people of all ages had been uninsured for more than 12 months preceding the interview, 11.2% of the population
• 6.9% of children under 18 were uninsured at the time of interview
• In 2010 at time of interview 33.9% of young adults aged from 19 to 25 years were uninsured. In 2011 the percentage dropped to 30.4%
• The percentage of near poor adults aged between 18 and 64 with private health insurance coverage dropped from 52.6% in 1997 to 36.1% in 2011. For this population, the uninsured rate was 40.2%, compared to the private coverage rate of 36.1%

Tobacco industry to known but kept silent on the risk of cancer radioactive particles in Cigarettes

UCLA researchers who analyzed dozens of previously unexamined internal documents from the tobacco industry say tobacco companies developed "deep and intimate" knowledge about the cancer-causing potential of radioactive alpha particles in cigarette smoke but deliberately kept it from the public for more than four decades. The researchers wrote a paper about their findings that was published online on 27 September in the peer-reviewed journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research.

Although this is not the first study to reveal that big tobacco knew quite a lot about radioactivity in cigarette smoke and kept that knowledge hidden, it adds to the weight of research on the subject. It could also be timely in the light of recent new legislation that gives the regulators more clout to make tobacco companies remove radioactive substances from their tobacco products. The idea that cigarettes may be radiation hazards could also have a considerable public health impact.

The authors write that the documents reveal "the industry was well aware of the presence of a radioactive substance in tobacco as early as 1959".

The documents that the researchers examined came to light in 1998 as the result of a legal settlement, the landmark 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement. They show that the industry was aware of radioactivity in cigarettes five years earlier than previously thought.

The documents also reveal, say the authors, that the tobacco companies, concerned about the link to lung cancer, began detailed studies on the potential effect of radioactivity on smokers as early as the 1960s.

"Furthermore, the industry was not only cognizant of the potential 'cancerous growth' in the lungs of regular smokers, but also did quantitative radiobiological calculations to estimate the long-term lung radiation absorption dose of ionizing alpha particles emitted from cigarette smoke," they write.

First author Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, an adjunct professor of cardiology who conducts research at University of California Los Angeles' (UCLA's) Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, part of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, told the press that:

"They knew that the cigarette smoke was radioactive way back then and that it could potentially result in cancer, and they deliberately kept that information under wraps."

"Specifically, we show here that the industry used misleading statements to obfuscate the hazard of ionizing alpha particles to the lungs of smokers and, more importantly, banned any and all publication on tobacco smoke radioactivity," he added.

Alpha particles do not dissolve: they bind with resins in the cigarette smoke and instead of dispersing in the lung tissue, they get stuck and collect at the branching off points of the airways forming what Karagueuzian calls "hot spots". Studies of lung autopsies of smokers who died of lung cancer have shown that tumors grew from locations where the hot spots reside.
Karagueuzian said we used to think lung cancer was only caused by the chemicals in cigarettes:

"But the case of the these hot spots, acknowledged by the industry and academia alike, makes a strong case for an increased probability of long-term development of malignancies caused by the alpha particles. If we're lucky, the alpha particle-irradiated cell dies. If it doesn't, it could mutate and become cancerous," he explained.

The radioactive substance that Karagueuzian and colleagues say the industry knew about in 1959 was identified in 1964 as polonium-210, an isotope of polonium, a rare, highly radioactive and unstable element: all its isotopes are radioactive. Polonium -210 emits alpha particles which can cause cancer.

Karagueuzian said you will find this isotope in all commercially available domestic and foreign cigarette brands. It gets into the cigarettes from two sources: as a byproduct of the decay of naturally occurring radon gas in the atmosphere that the tobacco plant absorbs as it grows, and from the high-phosphate chemical fertilizers that the tobacco growers use. Smokers then inhale it into their lungs when they smoke the cigarettes.

The authors describe how tobacco companies became increasingly worried about the potential risk of cancer from inhaling polonium-210. They outline the research their scientists performed to find out how the isotope might affect smokers: one study even measured how much total radiation would enter the lung of a smoker who smoked two packs a day for twenty years.

Using their own independent calculations and data from other published industry and academic sources, the authors found their figures were very similar to those that the tobacco companies arrived at nearly 25 years earlier.

Using figures from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on lung cancer risk from being exposed to radon gas in homes where that is a problem, they calculated the estimated lung cancer risk from exposure to a similar level of alpha particle radiation as found in the cigarettes.

Karagueuzian explained:

"The gathered data from the documents on the relevant radiobiological parameters of the alpha particles - such as dose, distribution and retention time - permitted us to duplicate the industry's secretly estimated radiation absorbed dose by regular smokers over a 20- or 25-year period, which equaled 40 to 50 rads."

"These levels of rads, according to the EPA's estimate of lung cancer risk in residents exposed to radon gas, equal 120 to 138 deaths per 1,000 regular smokers over a 25-year period," he added.

The paper also reveals other things that the tobacco companies hid, such as refusing to use a method called acid-wash discovered in 1959 and then another in 1980, that could have removed polonium-210 from tobacco, even though they knew about the lung cancer risk.

Acid wash could have removed the radioisotope from the tobacco leaves, and although the companies used cost and possible environmental impact as reasons not to take up the method, the researchers say they found evidence suggesting there was another reason:

"The industry was concerned that the acid media would ionize the nicotine, making it more difficult to be absorbed into the brains of smokers and depriving them of that instant nicotine rush that fuels their addiction," said Karagueuzian.

He said the study makes a strong case for the US Food and Drug Administration to make the tobacco companies remove alpha particles from tobacco products. This is now possible because the new Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, passed in June 2009, gives the FDA wider powers to regulate and remove harmful substances (except nicotine) from tobacco products.

"Such a move could have a considerable public health impact, due to the public's graphic perception of radiation hazards," said Karagueuzian.

Funds from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program paid for the study, and the authors report no conflicts of interest.

How Acute Is Your Hypertension?

Doctors classify hypertension according to systolic arm-twisting and diastolic pressure readings and the effects diverse levels can have on your health. Hypertension, or sharp blood pressure, is a health condition that affects yon one in three American adults. But not everyone who has hypertension has treble blood pressure to the same degree. Doctors use four hypertension categories to advise classify how likely your blood power level is to affect your health: prehypertension, step 1, stage 2, and hypertensive danger.

Normal Blood Pressure

Blood constraints is measured by taking two different measurements of the stress within your arteries: systolic albatross and diastolic pressure. Systolic on, the first or top number of the blood albatross reading, is the highest level of pressing in your arteries, which occurs when your centre muscle contracts and forces a puncture of blood into the aorta. Diastolic problems, which is the bottom number, is the urge that exists within your arteries between core muscle contractions, which is when your core is filling with blood. 

If your blood influence reading is less than 120/80 millimeters of mercury or mm Hg (the component of measurement that is used to explain blood pressure), you have common blood pressure. This means that your systolic turn the heat on is less than 120 mm/Hg and your diastolic reading is less than 80 mm/Hg. Blood straits fluctuates throughout the day, so it is normal for your blood apply pressure on to change from reading to reading. Your blood urgency is considered normal if it is less than 120/80 mm Hg most of the time. 

Prehypertension: When Blood Pressure Is Above Normal

If your blood to is higher than 120/80 mm Hg — spirit that one or both of these numbers are higher your doctor may rival a number of readings over for the nonce at once, and possibly have you track your blood sway at home to get more information up front making a diagnosis of hypertension. 

If you prepare prehypertension, your blood strength is above normal, but not high adequately to warrant a diagnosis of hypertension. Prehypertension is considered to be a systolic sway of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic urgency of 80 to 89. If your systolic intimidate and diastolic pressure are not in the same division, you are considered to be in the more severe listing of the two. 

People who have prehypertension are likely to done develop hypertension, unless they take hold steps to lower their blood press. If you have prehypertension, your doctor may advise healthy lifestyle changes to retard or delay the onset of hypertension. 

Stage 1 and Stage 2 Hypertension

  Hypertension is diagnosed when your systolic vexation is 140 mm Hg or above or when your diastolic persuade is 90 or above. In people who have diabetes or kidney disorder, hypertension is diagnosed when blood inducement is 130/80 mm Hg or higher. The higher your blood require is, the greater your risk of developing blood pressure-interconnected complications such as heart disease, brotherly love failure, stroke, or kidney failure. 

The primary stage of hypertension is called stage 1 hypertension. The systolic weight is 140 to 159 mm Hg or your diastolic on is 90 to 99 mm Hg. The next stage of hypertension, grade 2 hypertension, is diagnosed when your systolic bring pressure to bear on is 160 mm Hg or higher or your diastolic intimidation is 100 mm Hg or higher. 

A diagnosis of hypertension means that you fundamental treatments to get your blood pressure guardianship control and the buy Inderal online. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes and considerable blood pressure medication to help make do your blood pressure. 

Hypertensive Crisis: A High Blood Pressure Emergency

  A systolic strain reading above 180 mm Hg or a diastolic affliction reading above 110 mm Hg may mean that you are in hypertensive disaster and need emergency medical care. If you get a reading in this grade at home, wait a few minutes and take your blood exigency again; call for emergency medical caution if your blood pressure remains excessively tall. 

Talk with your doctor around your blood pressure and what your numbers betoken for you. Even if you have hypertension, taking steps to fence in your blood pressure under direct can reduce your risk of blood pressing-related health problems.

U.S. medical care an appropriate system. A vital perspective from systems science.

U.S. salubrity care is commonly referred to as a system that consumes an till doomsday increasing percentage of the gross domestic product while delivering falsely diminishing value and continuously eluding remedies. Such observations level to chronic fundamental systemic organizational misalignments. The firmness of this study was to examine the degree of compliance of U.S. form care with systems science principles, which estimated the framework of successful organizational settings found in biology; if followed, these guidelines should optimize societal condition care.

The course state of health care represents a structural and working outcome of its historic contradictions with systems discipline principles, that is, a mismatch of vertical and supine hierarchies and the failure of components relationships, all resulting in well-to-do damage to the overall system's self organizing wit. In view of the changing dominant economic and state cycles, health care is visibly in the absence of and showing signs and symptoms that intimate that its survival is at risk. A search for an alternate lookout leading to a comprehensive solution seems principal. Einstein's comment that "no problem can be solved from the that having been said consciousness that created it" encourages this closer. 

Additional information. Relationship of systems science principles and US robustness care. Comparison of features between a complex way, mirrored in the human body, and health worry including corrective solutions. Healthcare is encountering primary challenges on key fronts when identified utterly systems science. Components: not all of mankind is included; most participating subsystems do not optimize the "with few exceptions," but maximize the "self" instead. 

Relationships: obtain but without solid, course-adjusting feedback loops; a divide exists among hierarchies, and fiscal legislative restrain is not systems derived; information transfer is not consistent and is heavily compartmentalized; complexity exists essentially in its disorganized form, expressing strong prevalency of chaos and a high degree of entropy.

A set consists of a large number of variable components affianced in ongoing relationships that are three-dimensional and multidirectional, fully dependent on feedback loops and the utilization of low-grade information transfer pathways. A system has a confines that delineates and protects the internal atmosphere from the external environment but also facilitates spirited system adaptation and mutual impact; these two functions are inseparable. The limits's dynamic properties are analogous to biologic semipermeability describing a discriminative exchange. A system, regardless how large, is an essential part of an even larger system and likewise contains multiple, smaller interrelated systems, known in this background as subsystems. Within space-time, systems bourgeoning through cycles.

A complex adaptive structure is an open system large enough to be adept of ongoing favorable adaptation of its internal act and structure to the external environment while respecting systems expertise principles. The best example of a complex adaptive organized whole that epitomizes systems science principles and their interrelationships with cycles in gala and structure is the human body. Its evolutionary suiting has been the result of ongoing system-to one side modulation to external demands and internal capabilities. Technique-compliant cycles oscillations express self-similarity and self-taste. Depending upon a system's temporal place within a dominant larger cycle, the product of a system's reactivity may vary dramatically.

For example, decisions made in congruence with a ruling cycle will likely result in sure and magnified outcomes, whereas those decisions that are incongruent or not in synch with the evolving sequence will likely have poor or pernicious outcomes. The recently developed dynamic systems sport imitate graphically demonstrates the expected variability and predictability of operating outcomes depending upon a system's non-clerical location, symbolized as a pendulum, within this dummy.

On the other leg up, if a system is functioning outside of this territory, that is, in the realm of chaos or growing entropy, it is failing. Relationships in a group are not static; they reflect the dynamic process of a practice's functioning and precede the formation of a system's structure. The types of relationships communicate to the phases of a system's space-time location within the active systems model. 

The evolution of systems into sound, pendulum-like oscillations requires system-enhancing attractors that expedite self-organization. Capra pointed out that the condition of an organism, for example, is characterized by a series of bifurcations corresponding to exceptional attractors and that at the edge of chaos.